Conditionals & Subjunctive প্রশ্নব্যাংক ও সমাধান

- If যুক্ত sentence এর প্রথম অংশ past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject এরপর would/could + verb এর present from হবে।
অতএব, সঠিক উত্তর অপশন (ক)।

অন্যান্য অপশনের বাক্যগুলোর শুদ্ধরূপ-
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would pat your jacket on.
- It would be nice if the weather was better.

We can use the expression it’s time + subject + past verb form to refer to the present moment:
Gosh! It’s almost midnight. It’s time we went home.

Not: It’s time we go home.

It’s time with a verb in the to-infinitive form can refer to the speaker and the listener together:
Come on. It’s time to start packing. We have to leave in two hours. (or It’s time we started packing.)

Refrain from (doing something): To make a considered, conscious effort not to do something.
I ask everyone to refrain from asking questions until the end of the presentation.
Please refrain from talking while you are in the library.

As if / as though এর পূর্বে present indefinite tense থাকলে as if / as though এর পরে past indefinite tense হয় এবং be verb টি সবসময় were হয়।
যেমনঃ He talks as if he were my boss. 
- He talks as if he were mad.

As if / as though এর পূর্বে present indefinite tense থাকলে as if / as though এর পরে past indefinite tense হয় এবং be verb থাকলে সবসময় were হয়।
যেমন:
- He talks as if he knew everything.
- He talks as if he were my boss.

- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- অতএব, নিয়মানুযায়ী would have taken উত্তর হবে।

- 2nd Conditional এর ক্ষেত্রে had কে Subject এর আগে বসিয়ে If কে উহ্য করে দেয়া হয়েছে।
- এবং had এর পর যেহেতু কোনো Past Participle নেই, তাই এটাকে 3rd Conditional মনে করার কোনো কারণ নেই।
- 2nd Conditional অনুযায়ী ২য় অংশ হবে Sub + would / could / might + have + Verb এর past participle.

তাই সূত্রানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর would have met.

এরকম আরো কিছু উদাহরণঃ 
- I would have never taken the job if I had known what additional pressures it will create for me.
- Had we known that you were there, we could have brought the essentials. 

If clause এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Example:
- I could have caught the bus if I had hurried.
- If he had known anything, he would have told me.

- Correct sentence: If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would not have এর পর verb এর past participle হয়েছে।

Third conditional-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।

Other options:
ক) If you have driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
- 3rd conditional এর ক্ষেত্রে If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect Tense এর হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

খ) If you had driven more carefully, you would not have an accident.
- 3rd conditional এর ক্ষেত্রে If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect Tense এর হয় এবং পরবর্তী Clause এ would not have এর পর verb এর past participle হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়। 

ঘ) If you had driven more carefully, you will not have had an accident.
- 3rd conditional এর ক্ষেত্রে If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect Tense এর হয় এবং পরবর্তী Clause এ would not have এর পর verb এর past participle হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়। 

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.